“破屋颓垣啸且歌”的意思及全诗出处和翻译赏析

《北窗》是宋代文学家陆游创作的一首诗词。以下是该诗的中文译文、诗意和赏析：

中文译文：
破败的屋宇和倾颓的围墙，我高声歌唱，一扇窗户处处映照着婆娑的景色。看人们都感叹同龄的朋友越来越少，遇到困难时才知道过去的日子多了。湿润的云在沙洲上，秋天飞过的雁儿；雨水时来到荻浦，夜晚里鸣叫的鼍。何时能再次乘坐小船，带着郫县的竹筒，醉倒在绿萝的怀抱。

诗意：
《北窗》这首诗词表达了作者陆游对人生的思考和感慨。他身处破败的屋宇，却仍然高歌，体现了他积极向上的精神态度。诗中提到的窗户是一种象征，它寄托了作者对世间事物的观察和感悟。作者通过观察人们的遭遇和变化，认识到同龄人渐渐减少的现象，以及在面对困难时才意识到时间的匆匆流逝。诗中还描绘了秋天的景色，用雁、鼍等意象表达了自然界的变迁，与人生的起伏和变动相呼应。最后，作者希望能再次乘坐小船，带着竹筒，重拾过去的激情和梦想，享受生活的美好。

赏析：
《北窗》以简洁而富有意境的语言描绘了作者内心的情感和对人生的思考。诗中的景物描写鲜明生动，使用了丰富的自然意象，使整首诗词充满了生活的气息。作者通过描述破屋颓垣和一扇窗户，抒发了自己积极向上的精神态度，表达了面对困境依然坚持乐观的信念。诗中的窗户象征着人的眼睛和心灵，它寄托了作者对世界的观察和思考。通过窗户，作者观察到了同侪渐渐减少的现象，反映了社会变迁和人生的无常。诗中的自然景物如湿润的云、秋天的雁儿、夜晚的鼍，与人生的起伏和变动相互呼应，表达了作者对时间流逝和人生沧桑的感慨。最后，作者希望能再次乘坐小船，带着竹筒，回到过去的激情和梦想，寄托了对美好生活的向往和追求。

整首诗词以简练而深沉的语言，表达了作者对人生变迁和人情世故的思考和感慨，展现了作者积极向上的精神和对美好生活的追求。同时，通过自然意象的运用和景物的描绘，使诗词具有丰富的意境和感染力，给读者留下深刻的印象《北窗》 is a poem written by the Song dynasty literati Lu You. Here is the Chinese translation, poetic meaning, and analysis of the poem:

Chinese Translation:
破屋颓垣啸且歌，
一窗随处寄婆娑。
阅人每叹同侪少，
遇事方知去日多。
云湿沙洲秋下雁，
雨来荻浦夜鸣鼍。
何时更续扁舟兴？
剩载郫筒醉绿萝。

Poetic Meaning:
Amidst a dilapidated house and crumbling walls, I sing out loud,
One window reflects the graceful and charming scenes everywhere.
Observing others, they lament the scarcity of peers,
But it is only when faced with troubles that one realizes the passing of days.
Damp clouds descend upon the sandbars in autumn, as geese fly by,
When rain arrives, the night resounds with the croaking of toads in the reed-covered shores.
When will there be another opportunity to continue the joy of sailing?
Remnants carry a bamboo tube from Pi county, intoxicated within the embrace of green creepers.

Analysis:
"北窗" employs concise yet vivid language to depict the author's inner emotions and contemplation of life. The poem presents a lively portrayal of the scenery through rich natural imagery, imbuing it with a sense of vitality. The author expresses a resilient and optimistic attitude despite the hardships, symbolized by the depiction of the dilapidated house and crumbling walls. The window in the poem embodies the eyes and soul of a person, representing the author's observations and reflections on the world. Through the window, the author notices the dwindling number of peers, reflecting societal changes and the impermanence of life. The natural elements in the poem, such as the damp clouds, migrating geese in autumn, and the croaking toads in the rainy night, echo the ups and downs of life, conveying the author's sentiment towards the passage of time and the vicissitudes of life. Lastly, the author yearns for another opportunity to embark on a boat with a bamboo tube, symbolizing a return to past passions and dreams, representing a longing and pursuit of a better life.

The poem employs concise yet profound language to express the author's contemplation and sentiments towards the changes of life and the complexities of human relationships. It showcases the author's resilient spirit and pursuit of a better life. Through the use of natural imagery and vivid descriptions, the poem creates a rich artistic conception and emotional impact, leaving a deep impression on the readers.

běi chuāng
北窗

pò wū tuí yuán xiào qiě gē, yī chuāng suí chù jì pó suō.
破屋颓垣啸且歌，一窗随处寄婆娑。
yuè rén měi tàn tóng chái shǎo, yù shì fāng zhī qù rì duō.
阅人每叹同侪少，遇事方知去日多。
yún shī shā zhōu qiū xià yàn, yǔ lái dí pǔ yè míng tuó.
云湿沙洲秋下雁，雨来荻浦夜鸣鼍。
hé shí gèng xù piān zhōu xìng? shèng zài pí tǒng zuì lǜ luó.
何时更续扁舟兴？剩载郫筒醉绿萝。